BackgroundCiprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone drug that belongs to the group of tetracycline antibiotics. The use of ciprofloxacin in pediatric and neonatal infections has been investigated due to its ability to reduce the bacterial load in the bloodstream. However, ciprofloxacin has been reported to decrease the serum concentration of lincosamide, a drug with anti-neoplastic effects. We aimed to compare the effect of ciprofloxacin on the serum concentration of lincosamide in the neonatal respiratory tract, using the serum levels of lincosamide. Twenty-seven healthy adults were enrolled into the study. Serum levels of lincosamide, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the ciprofloxacin significantly reduced the serum concentration of lincosamide in neonatal respiratory tract and in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The ciprofloxacin effect on serum concentration was not observed in any of the groups. These results suggest that the ciprofloxacin could be effective in reducing the serum concentration of lincosamide in neonatal respiratory tract, and may be useful in treating neonatal respiratory infections.
Citation:Gonçalo R, Gómez P, Czajkowski E, Toviazu I, Koczowski Z, et al. (2019) Ciprofloxacin reduces serum levels of lincosamide in the neonatal respiratory tract. PLoS ONE 8(7): e022479. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.022479
Editor:Istret M. K., University of Montreal, Canada
Received:December 23, 2019;Accepted:May 16, 2020;Published:June 10, 2020
Copyright:© 2020 Gonçalo R, Gómez P, Czajkowski E, Toviazu I, Koczowski Z. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding:This work was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2014-03769-01), the Korea Health Technology Rreek Foundation (To be published, the publication fees and other charges are tax deductible) and the Ministry of Science, Ichee, and Technology, Home Affairs and Science. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests:The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Antibiotics are commonly prescribed drugs, but there are still a limited number of available drugs. These drugs can cause adverse effects in some patients, such as increased risk of tendon rupture and the risk of developing pneumonia. Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, can reduce the bacterial load in the bloodstream in neonates, and may cause more severe infections in the neonatal respiratory tract.
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone drug that is commonly prescribed to treat bacterial infections in the respiratory tract. It has been used in clinical practice for decades, and is the most commonly used drug in pediatric infections. Ciprofloxacin is a member of the tetracycline antibiotic group, and it has been shown to decrease the bacterial load in the bloodstream. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ciprofloxacin on the serum concentration of lincosamide, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin in the neonatal respiratory tract.
This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study of neonates with a diagnosis of acute bacterial sinusitis and who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from January 2020 to December 2020. This study was conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and all patients were admitted into the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
Ciprofloxacin is used in the treatment of various bacterial infections such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, ear infections, urinary tract infections, genital tract infections, stomach infections, infections of bones and joints and skin and soft tissue infections. It can also be used in the management of patients with anthrax inhalation exposure.
Ciprofloxacin: Fluoroquinolone antibiotics
Ciprofloxacinworks by blocking the actions of certain bacterial proteins (such as DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV) which is essential for the bacteria to survive. As a result, it destroys the susceptible bacteria and prevent their further growth and multiplication within the body which helps in reducing the severity of the infection.
Consult your doctor if you experience:
Ciprofloxacin is not suitable for everyone. You should not take this medication if you are pregnant, might become pregnant or breastfeeding without first talking to your doctor.
Ciprofloxacin should not be used in children after 14 years of age. The drug is not recommended for use in the elderly and patients with kidney problems.
Ciprofloxacin should be taken at the the following times:
For external use only
If you are breastfeeding, your doctor may prescribe you Ciprofloxacin. The medication is not recommended for smoking.
Do not take Ciprofloxacin if you are allergic to any of its ingredients.
Your doctor is advised by the manufacturer to ensure that you follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer, and to avoid any side effects.
Ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics are used to treat many different infections. They are used to prevent infection when they are not needed. This medication is available without a prescription. The antibiotics are used to treat urinary tract infections, skin infections, or pneumonia. This medication can be taken orally with or without food. It is important to follow the directions given to you by your doctor. The antibiotic may not work for all infections. Some infections may need to be treated at home. It is important to take the medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take antibiotics for viral infections like the flu or the cold. The antibiotic can make you more susceptible to infection. Your doctor may advise you to take the antibiotic at least two days before or after you take any other medications. It is important to take your medication at the same time each day. This may mean you will have a different infection than you usually have. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not take two doses at once. You may need to take your antibiotic at different times to avoid side effects. If you are taking a course of antibiotics for more than one day, it may be necessary to change the duration of treatment to two to three days. If you are taking any antibiotic to treat your infection, it should be taken for the entire duration of the treatment. You should not take antibiotics for more than twice a day. You may need to use extra antibiotics as necessary to treat the infection. Antibiotics are a type of medicine called a quinolone. These medicines are given to treat infections. When you use antibiotics, it is important to take them as prescribed by your doctor. The doctor will give you a prescription for the antibiotic. This antibiotic is not available without a prescription. You should not take this medication if you have been prescribed by a doctor, such as a family member or the dentist. You may get upset stomach when you take this medicine. If you have any questions about using this antibiotic, talk to your doctor. The doctor will give you the prescription for the antibiotic. You should not take this antibiotic if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. If you are using the antibiotic to treat an infection, you should wait until the infection has cleared. This antibiotic may not be safe during pregnancy or in the breast milk of a nursing baby. You should not use this antibiotic during the last 3 months of pregnancy. If you are using the antibiotic to treat an infection during your pregnancy, you should wait until your baby is born. It is important to talk to your doctor before taking this medication. Your doctor may tell you that it is safe to continue taking this antibiotic while pregnant or breast-feeding. Do not stop taking this antibiotic unless you can get the treatment. Take this antibiotic at the same time each day. If you are using the antibiotic to treat an infection during your breastfeeding, you should wait until the infection has cleared. This antibiotic may be harmful to your baby if you breast-feed while you take this medication. It is important to talk to your doctor before taking this antibiotic if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. This antibiotic can pass into breast milk. Do not use this antibiotic while you are taking this medication.
Ciprofloxacin Side EffectsIf you get any of the following side effects while taking this medication:
Possible side effects of Ciprofloxacin:Serious side effects of Ciprofloxacin:More common side effects of Ciprofloxacin:More rare side effects of Ciprofloxacin:Ciprofloxacin Drug interactionsIf you have any questions about this medication, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Other MedicationsIf you are using this medication to treat infections, you must not take it while you are pregnant, breast-feeding or taking an antibiotic. If you are pregnant, think you may be pregnant, or are breastfeeding, talk to your doctor before taking this antibiotic. If you are taking this medication to treat an infection, you must not take this medication during the last 3 months of pregnancy.
CIPRO- Ciprofloxacin (CPO) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It has a narrow-spectrum bactericidal action, which is because it is bacteriostatic. It is the most widely used antibiotic worldwide. Ciprofloxacin is a tetracycline antibiotic, which works by disrupting the bacteria's ability to produce proteins necessary for their survival.
Ciprofloxacin is effective against a broad range of microorganisms. It is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which kills a wide range of microorganisms in the body, including a wide range of pathogens, as well as certain types of bacteria. It is also effective against a wide range of bacteria, including the most common ones:Escherichia coli(E. coli) andPseudomonas aeruginosaP. aeruginosais the most common cause of infections in the respiratory tract, and can be used to treat bacterial pneumonia.
In addition to its bactericidal action, Ciprofloxacin also is effective against certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria include many types of bacteria, includingHaemophilus influenzae,Moraxella catarrhalis,andStreptococcus pneumoniae.These types of bacteria can cause infections of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and other tissues. Gram-positive bacteria includeSalmonella enterica.
In addition to its bactericidal action, Ciprofloxacin also possesses a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. This means that it is bacteriostatic against many pathogens and bacteria that cause infections. It is also effective against gram-negative bacteria and a wide range of bacteria.
Ciprofloxacin is generally well-tolerated, but some patients may experience side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Serious side effects include liver damage, myelosuppression, and liver damage associated with use of ciprofloxacin.
Ciprofloxacin is usually taken in the doses prescribed by a healthcare professional. Patients should complete the full course of ciprofloxacin before the dose is increased.
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic that kills the bacteria in your body. It is also used to treat infections caused by Mycobacterium avium, a common cause of skin infections.
Ciprofloxacin is a powerful antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by the bacteria that is transmitted through sexual contact. This drug works by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of the bacteria.
Ciprofloxacin is a member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics. It is also used to treat a variety of infections caused by other bacteria, such as urinary tract infections.
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic that is used to treat various infections. It is commonly used to treat infections caused by Mycobacterium avium, a common cause of skin infections.
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by the bacteria that is transmitted through sexual contact. It works by killing the bacteria that are causing the infection.
It works by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of the bacteria that is causing the infection.
It is also used to treat infections caused by the bacteria that is transmitted through sexual contact.
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